Advances in mobility over the past century have helped to drive global economic growth, transforming countries and lives. Now, fast-growing populations and emerging economies are boosting demand.

And global trends such as urbanisation and internet connectivity are transforming the way people and products move around the world. By 2050, the number of people living in cities could double as the world population passes 9 billion, and the number of cars could double from 1 billion today.

There is a need to improve fuel efficiency and air quality by reducing emissions; both local emissions that cause air pollution in our towns and cities and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) that contributes to global climate change. We see a mosaic of fuels and engines developing: some will be suited to short journeys within urban areas, while others could be better for longer journeys between cities.